Forward Chaining Algorithm on Informatics Graduate Job Recommendation System Based on MBTI Test

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a method for identifying an individual's personality type based on the psychological theory of Carl Gustav Jung. In the context of computer science students, they often face challenges in planning their academic journey and determining the direction of their career development during their studies, causing confusion when it comes to choosing a career path in the field of computer science in the future. To address these challenges, the researcher has developed a web-based expert system using the PHP programming language. This expert system is designed to make decisions based on a collection of user responses, which are processed using the forward chaining method, ultimately providing the user's personality type along with suitable career choices. The primary objective of the expert system is to assist students in making decisions regarding their studies and future careers. Through this research, the researcher has produced a functioning website capable of efficiently processing user responses and generating decisions regarding personality types and career options. Thus, this study provides a solution to aid computer science students in planning their academic and career paths.


Introduction
Currently, 89% of companies in the United States that rank in the top 100 companies use the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality test for job recruitment [1].Every human being is born with a diverse personality, influenced by developmental environmental factors that shape both positive and negative mindsets, critical and non-critical traits, as well as strengths and weaknesses [2] [3].Understanding one's personality type is crucial, as it facilitates daily interactions and extends to the realm of professional work [4].
However, in the academic environment of Darma Cendika Catholic University, students often lack a precise understanding of their personality types and how these can impact their future careers [5].It is imperative for students to discover their personality types and connect them with their career potential.Darma Cendika Catholic University should provide support to help students gain a better understanding of themselves, guiding their educational studies and preparing them for majors.With improved self-awareness, students can make more informed and suitable decisions about their career choices across various fields of work [6].In this research, researchers used a forward-chaining-based expert system with a web-based platform.This system was developed to administer a Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test and suggest suitable jobs for students, especially for informatics graduate students, based on their personality test results [7].Previous research conducted by Wisnu and Yuli on the personality test of SMAN 2 Kebumen, using the forward-chaining method, resulted in a feasibility value of 92.5% as assessed by experts [8].Indah et al.'s research on android-based applications for testing MBTI prospective students with forward-chaining expert systems successfully ran and displayed personality calculation results on all smartphone devices with Android system version 7 [9].Erni's previous research on the development of MBTI method personality tests for Gunadarma psychology students concluded that a web-based expert system in personality recognition can assist students in understanding their personality characteristics [10].In research conducted by Arif et al. on the design of mini psychological tests using Ren'Python with a forward-chaining expert system, they successfully determined personality types [11].Darmansah et al.'s design of a personality expert system website, which categorized individuals into four personality types-choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, and melancholic-successfully analyzed input and provided insights into advantages, disadvantages, and suitable jobs [12].

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However, previous research did not offer job recommendations in the field of informatics based on the results of personality tests.Therefore, researchers developed a website platform with a forward-chaining expert system, allowing users to take the test anywhere [13].This research aims to provide innovative solutions with easy access for informatics students who may still not understand future career opportunities.With the application of a forward-chaining-based expert system, it is hoped that it can assist students in planning study and career steps based on an understanding of their own personality [14].

Research Method
An expert system is a system that can capture results or information, enabling decision-making used by several experts in a specific field.Researchers utilize the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) method as the approach in the expert system for personality testing [15].The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was developed based on the personality theory of Carl Gustav Jung.MBTI provides guidelines on four personality preference scales that are opposites to each other, including extraversion vs. introversion, sensing vs. intuition, thinking vs. feeling, and perceiving vs. judging [16].
Knowledge base is the foundation of knowledge in an expert system that serves as the basis for problem-solving.Researchers use a knowledge base with rule-based reasoning.Rule-based reasoning provides knowledge rules in the form of IF-THEN statements [17].This knowledge base is used when there is a substantial amount of expert knowledge on a specific problem.The inference engine is the methodology used as the reasoning tool for information in the knowledge base used to make decisions.The inference engine operates with a thinking mechanism similar to that of an expert [18].Researchers use the Forward Chaining method as the approach in the inference engine [19].Forward chaining is a method that involves matching facts or tracing facts before testing the truth of a hypothesis and drawing conclusions [20].Figure 1.Depicts the forward chaining process used by the researcher.

Results and Analysis 3.1. Expert System Architecture
The Expert System comprises several components, including the interface, data, and the inference engine.In this research, the forward chaining method is employed for decision-making in determining an individual's personality and recommending suitable occupations based on that personality.Figure 2. Illustrates the architecture of the MBTI expert system using the forward chaining method.

Expert System Knowledge Base
The data required to establish the knowledge base necessary for determining an individual's personality includes various types of information.These data categories are as follows: 1. Personality Traits Data Within the MBTI expert system, there are personality traits that contradict each other.Table 1.
Displays the four contrasting personality traits.

Personality Tendency Question Data
The MBTI expert system involves asking individuals several questions related to their personality tendencies.Table 3. Showcases the questions used in the expert system based on personality tendencies.Thinking 1) Do you tend to make decisions based on logic and analysis?2) Do you often try to understand problems from an objective point of view?3) Do you tend to judge other people's decisions based on common sense?4) Do you like giving advice based on logic and rationality?5) Do you often weigh the pros and cons before making a decision?6) Do you tend to focus on facts and evidence when arguing? 7) Do you prefer to keep your emotions to yourself?Feeling 1) Do you feel it is important to stick to personal principles and values in decision making?2) Do you tend to avoid conflict and try to keep the peace?3) Do you feel better when you can express your emotions openly?4) Do you often find it difficult to control your emotions in challenging situations? 5) Would you rather make a decision that will benefit many people rather than one person?6) Do you feel it is important to consider other people's feelings in decision making?7) Do you often try to find a solution that will make everyone happy? Judging

System Design
After designing the MBTI Expert System's knowledge base using the forward chaining method in the inference engine.

Flowchart
The flowchart in Figure 3. displays and describes how the MBTI expert system operates using the forward chaining method.The result page provides comprehensive information about the user's personality based on the previously conducted MBTI test.If the personality type is "ISFP," the user will see job recommendations suitable for that personality type.Job descriptions are also displayed to enhance the user's understanding of those recommended occupations.The application of the forward chaining method in the expert system ensures that the decision outcomes align with the user's input.

Conclusion
From the results and discussions conducted, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test through a website platform using the forward chaining algorithm approach successfully responds to user inputs and generates accurate decisions on personality types and relevant job recommendations in the field of informatics.
Thus, this research has positive implications, especially in assisting informatics students in understanding their personality types and providing guidance for decision-making in further studies and careers.In the future, it is hoped that this MBTI test website will become a useful tool in providing career guidance and has the potential to be applied more broadly within the entire university program or for individuals across various segments of society.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. MBTI Expert System Architecture with Forward Chaining Method

1 ) 4 )Perceiving 1 ) 3 ) 4 . 5 .
Do you like to plan your activities carefully?2) Do you feel better when you have a structured schedule?3) Do you tend to complete assignments before the deadline?IICS SEMNASTIK Vol. 4, No. 1, 2023 : 122 -131 IICS SEMNASTIK 2023 E-ISSN: 2774-5899 | P-ISSN: 2774-5880 ■ 127 Do you feel stressed if your plans are disrupted?5) Do you like making to-do lists and long-term goals?6) Do you tend to have consistent routines and habits?Do you tend to be flexible and open to change?2) Do you like going through the day without any special plans?Are you comfortable with uncertainty and change in life?4) Do you enjoy adapting to sudden changes?5) Would you prefer to live life without a strict plan? 6) Do you feel better when you can make decisions spontaneously?Determination of Tendency Rule 1 IF I>E THEN I = 1 ELSE E = 1 Rule 2 IF N>S THEN I = 1 ELSE S = 1 Rule 3 IF T>F THEN T = 1 ELSE F = 1 Rule IF J>P THEN J = 1 ELSE P = 1 Determination of Personality Type Rule 1 IF I=1 AND N=1 AND T=1 AND J=1 THEN Personality INTJ Rule 2 IF I=1 AND N=1 AND T=1 AND P=1 THEN Personality INTP Rule 3 IF I=1 AND N=1 AND F=1 AND J=1 THEN Personality INFJ Rule 4 IF I=1 AND N=1 AND F=1 AND P=1 THEN Personality INFP Rule 5 IF I=1 AND S=1 AND T=1 AND J=1 THEN Personality ISTJ Rule 6 IF I=1 AND S=1 AND F=1 AND J=1 THEN Personality ISFJ Rule 7 IF E=1 AND S=1 AND F=1 AND P=1 THEN Personality ISFP Rule 8 IF E=1 AND S=1 AND T=1 AND P=1 THEN Personality ISTP Rule 9 IF E=1 AND N=1 AND T=1 AND J=1 THEN Personality ENTJ Rule 10 IF E=1 AND N=1 AND T=1 AND P=1 THEN Personality ENTP Rule 11 IF E=1 AND N=1 AND F=1 AND J=1 THEN Personality ENFJ Rule 12 IF E=1 AND N=1 AND F=1 AND P=1 THEN Personality ENFP Rule 13 IF E=1 AND S=1 AND T=1 AND J=1 THEN Personality ESTJ Rule 14 IF E=1 AND S=1 AND F=1 AND J=1 THEN Personality ESFJ Rule 15 IF E=1 AND S=1 AND F=1 AND P=1 THEN Personality ESFP Rule 16 IF E=1 AND S=1 AND T=1 AND P=1 THEN Personality ESTP Forward Chaining Algorithm on Informatics Graduate Job…(Jhonatan Laurensius Tjahjadi) IICS SEMNASTIK 2023 E-ISSN: 2774-5899 | P-ISSN: 2774-5880 ■ 128

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. MBTI Expert System Flowchart 2. Use Case Diagram Figure 4. Describes the system's process flow in the MBTI expert system.

Table 2 .
Presents various personality types.

Table 3 .
Questions for Each Personality Tendency Forward Chaining Algorithm on Informatics Graduate Job…(Jhonatan Laurensius Tjahjadi)